NgoJuni 2026, iYurophu yayishushu kakhulu ngenxa yobushushu obugqithisileyo.
Ngokutsho kweXinhua News Agency, i-Agence France-Presse iqikelele ngokusekelwe kuqikelelo lwemozulu kunye nedatha yabemi be-EU Joint Research Centre ukuba nge-25 kaJuni, ubuncinane abantu abayi-101 yezigidi eYurophu babechaphazeleke kubushushu obungaphezulu kwama-35°C, kwaye abantu abazizigidi ezingama-50 bachaphazeleka eFransi kuphela. Ngokwemigangatho yesalathiso yeWorld Meteorological Organisation, ubushushu buchazwa njengobushushu obuphezulu bemihla ngemihla obudlula ama-32°C obuhlala iintsuku ezi-3 zilandelelana okanye ngaphezulu.
Idatha evela kwiSebe lezoLimo laseFransi ibonisa ukuba i-t yasemazantsi eFransii-omatoIindawo ezivelisa ukutya zilahlekelwe yi-80%. Ingxelo yeGuardianTV ichaze ngokucacileyo imeko njengoko "Iitamati zipheka emdiliyeni".
Kutheni iFransi yayililizwe elichaphazeleke kakhulu eYurophu? Ubushushu obuphakathi kwihlabathi lonke sele bunyukile malunga ne-1.4°C xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba angaphambi kwezemizi-mveliso, ngelixa ubushushu baseYurophu bufikelele malunga ne-2.4°C. Ngenxa yendawo ekuyo kunye neendlela zokujikeleza komoya, iFransi isengozini enkulu kwimpembelelo yemisinga yomoya oshushu kakhulu kune-UK neJamani. Amaza obushushu agqithisileyo abe yinto eqhelekileyo eFransi, efika kwangethuba kwaye ehlala ixesha elide minyaka le. Ngowama-2003, amaza obushushu eFransi abulala abantu abangaphezu kwe-14,000; ngo-2026, ubushushu abuzange bubulale abantu kuphela kodwa nezityalo.
Ubushushu obugqithisileyo emazantsi eFransi bunamandla kakhulu kunobunzima obuqhelekileyo "bokunqongophala kwamanzi". Amaqondo obushushu ahlala edlula ama-40°C kangangeentsuku ezininzi asebenza ngqo kwiziqhamo ngokwazo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni phantse ama-30% kwimveliso yombona, amakhulu amawaka okufa kweenkukhu eFransi, kunye nokuhla kwemveliso yobisi ngama-30%-40% ngenxa yoxinzelelo lobushushu kwiinkomo zobisi. Lonke icandelo lezolimo "liqhuba umkhuhlane".
Olu bushushu lukwabangele ingxoxo-mpikiswano yezopolitiko malunga nomoya opholileyo eFransi. Amaqela angasekunene abeke umoya opholileyo njengento ebalulekileyo yokuphila, ngelixa iingcali zokusingqongileyo zigxininise ukuba umoya opholileyo uya kuyenza mandundu impembelelo yesiqithi sobushushu. Inyani yile yokuba izinga lokungena komoya opholileyo eFransi lingaphantsi kwe-10%, liphantsi kakhulu kunelo lamazwe akufutshane iSpain ne-Itali. Kwiveki enye nje, iCarrefour ithengise ubuncinci ii-air conditioner kunye neefeni zombane ezingama-30,000, kwaye ukuthengiswa kwe-Amazon kwee-air conditioner kunye neefeni zombane eFransi phantse kwaphinda kabini xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kwiveki ephelileyo.
Ukubuyela kwishishini leetumato: likhulu kangakanani ishishini lokucubungula iitumato eFransi? Ngokwezibikezelo zeshishini, imveliso yeetumato eFransi ngo-2026 kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwiitoni ezingama-494,900, kunye nommandla wokutyala omalunga neehektare ezingama-2,736. Ngo-Epreli, amaxabiso asekhaya ayephezulu ngama-34% kunenqanaba lika-2025 kwaye aphakame ngama-41% kune-avareji ka-2021-2025. Ukuncipha kwemveliso sele kubonakaliswe ngokuthe ngqo kumaxabiso.
Iingxaki zaseFransi aziphelelanga kwimida yayo. Njengelizwe eliphambili kwezolimo kwi-EU, ukuncitshiswa kwemveliso yetumato eFransi konyuse ngokuthe ngqo uxinzelelo lokuhanjiswa kwezinye iindawo ezinkulu ezivelisa iitamatisi ezifana ne-Itali neSpain. Iikowuteshini zeketchup yetumato kwimarike yaseYurophu sele zivakala zixinezelekile kwicala lokubonelela, ngoko ke ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okwethutyana kudluliselwa kubathengi behlabathi.
“I-Heat Dome” kaXinjiang kunye nokungaqiniseki kwi-Inner Mongolia
Ngelixa iYurophu ijongene nengxaki yetamatato, amehlo abadlali behlabathi kushishino lwetamatato ajonge eMpuma ngaxeshanye. Ekuqaleni kukaJulayi 2026, iXinjiang Basin eTshayina yahlaselwa sisiganeko esingaqhelekanga semozulu embi kakhulu "yedome yobushushu".
Yintoni i-heat dome? Ngamazwi alula, ibhekisa kwinkqubo efudumeleyo nefudumeleyo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu eyakha kwindawo ephakamileyo, isebenza njengesigqubuthelo sembiza esiqinileyo esivalwe ngokupheleleyo esibotshelelwe kumantla eTshayina. Esi “sigqubuthelo” sineempawu ezimbini ezibulalayo: okokuqala, sibamba ubushushu bomhlaba, sithintela umoya oshushu ukuba ungaphumi uye emoyeni ophezulu kwaye siwunyanzele ukuba uqokeleleke kufutshane nomphezulu; okwesibini, sivala umoya obandayo ngaphandle, sigcina imimoya epholileyo ingaphandle kwaye umoya oshushu uvaleleke ngaphakathi.
Izaziso ezisemthethweni ezivela kwiXinjiang Meteorological Observatory zibonisa ukuba ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, lonke ummandla waseTurpan wahlala ungaphezulu kwama-40°C kangangeentsuku ezininzi ezilandelelanayo, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu obulinganisiweyo obungama-49°C ngoJulayi 3, kwaye ezinye iindawo zasekuhlaleni kulindeleke ukuba zisondele kuma-50°C, ziphule imeko yemozulu ngexesha elifanayo. EHami, eBayangol nakwezinye iindawo, amaqondo obushushu omhlaba adlule kuma-65°C.
Okuxhalabisayo ngakumbi kukuba esi “siciko” asimi ndawonye. I-heat dome isasazeka ngokuthe chu ngasempuma. Ngokwesibikezelo esivela kwi-China Meteorological Administration ngoJulayi 4, ibhande elinobushushu obuphezulu ligubungele iGansu kunye nentshona ye-Inner Mongolia, laza lahlasela imimandla yaseMntla China naseHuanghuai. Kumazantsi eBeijing, eTianjin, embindini-kumzantsi weHebei, emantla eHenan nasentshona yeShandong, ubushushu obuphezulu basemini bunyuka ukuya kuma-38°C ukuya kuma-40°C.
Ngoko ke, ngaba izityalo zetamatato zaseXinjiang zingasinda kulo nyaka? Kufuneka sihlalutye oku ngeendlela ezimbini: “iipateni zokutyala” kunye “nemozulu yendawo”.
Ukutyala ebaleni elivulekileyo vs. Ukutyala iGreenhouse
I-100% yeetamatisi ezilungiswayo zaseXinjiang zikhuliswa emasimini avulekileyo. Iimeko ezivulekileyo nezinomoya opholileyo zithintela impembelelo "yokugcadwa okuxineneyo" kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo. Iindawo ezichaphazeleke kakhulu eFransi zezo zindlu zokugcina izityalo zingenazo izixhobo zokulawula okusingqongileyo eziphambili, apho amaqondo obushushu angaphakathi anokunyuka kakhulu ngaphezu komphakamo wangaphandle. Iitamatisi zaseXinjiang zikhula emasimini avulekileyo, apho ubuncinci umoya unokuvuthuza khona.
Ukuzithemba Kokunkcenkceshela Ngeqhwa eTianshan Mountain
Ubomi beetamati zaseXinjiang busemanzini anyibilikayo ekhephu avela kwiiNtaba zaseTianshan. Nangona amaqondo obushushu aphezulu enyusa ukufuma, akwakhawulezisa ukunyibilika komkhenkce nekhephu ezikwiintaba, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwamanzi okuzinzileyo. Xa idibene netekhnoloji edumileyo "yokunkcenkceshela ngamaconsi phantsi kwefilimu yeplastiki + ulawulo lwamanzi oludibeneyo kunye nomanyolo" eXinjiang, ukufumaneka kwamanzi kwinkqubo yeengcambu kusenokuqinisekiswa ngokuchanekileyo.
Umgca Wokugqibela Wokuzikhusela: Umahluko Wobushushu Belanga
Ukwenziwa kwe-lycopene kufuna amaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo ebusuku. Inzuzo ekhethekileyo yeXinjiang ikuphawu lwayo lwemozulu eyaziwayo: “ukunxiba ijakethi yesikhumba kusasa kunye ne-gauze emini”. Nokuba amaqondo obushushu emini adlula ama-40°C, lo gama nje amaqondo obushushu asebusuku ehla aye kuma-20°C, izityalo zinokufumana ithuba lokuchacha.
Ngowama-2025, indawo yokutyala iitumato ezicutshungulwayo eXinjiang ifikelele kwi-520,000 mu, kunye nemveliso yeetoni ezizizigidi ezi-4.8. Izinga lokusetyenziswa koomatshini lilonke laliphezulu njenge-99%, kunye namazinga okuhlwayela nokuvuna oomatshini adlula i-98.5%. IXinjiang inamashishini okucubungula angaphezu kwama-70, enza inkqubo epheleleyo yeshishini equka ukufuya, ukutyala, ukucubungula kunye nokuthengisa. Usekela-mongameli weXinjiang Tomato Industry Association wazise ukuba indawo yokutyala iitumato ezicutshungulwayo kazwelonke kulo nyaka yi-1.6 yezigidi mu, apho i-1.35 yezigidi mu iseXinjiang, ebangela ngaphezulu kwe-84% yenani lilonke lelizwe.
Kwisithili saseChangji nakwisithili saseHeshuo eXinjiang, abalimi baxele ukuba “ukukhula ngokubanzi kokudubula kweentyatyambo zetamatato kunye nokubekwa kweziqhamo kulo nyaka kuyalingana”, ngesivuno esiqikelelweyo seetoni ezili-9 kwi-mu. Abalimi baseShawan City bakwathe iintlobo ezikhula phakathi kulindeleke ukuba zivunwe ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, ngesivuno esimalunga neetoni ezili-9 kwi-mu.
Ngokusekelwe kwimithombo emininzi yeendaba, ubushushu bexesha elifutshane ekuqaleni kukaJulayi bunempembelelo encinci kakhulu ekunciphiseni imveliso yetamatato eXinjiang. Nangona kunjalo, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngokwenene aya kukhawulezisa ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwixesha lokuvuna elixineneyo kakhulu, nto leyo ebeka uxinzelelo olukhulu lomthamo wokucubungula imihla ngemihla kwizityalo ezilungisayo ezisezantsi komlambo, nto leyo ekhokelela emgceni.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-10-2026
