Kutheni Imveliso Yokucubungula Iitamatisi Kwihlabathi Ithintelwe Yibhreki?
Ekuqaleni kuka-2026, idatha evela kwiWorld Processing Tomato Council (WPTC) ityhile inyani ecacileyo: imveliso yetamatisi ecutshungulweyo kwihlabathi liphela yehle yaya kuthi ga kwi-40.29 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2025, nto leyo ephawula ukuhla kwe-11.5% ukuya kwi-12% ukusuka kwi-45.8 yezigidi zeetoni zowama-2024. Oku kwehla okukhulu kuthetha ukuba kulahleke ngaphezulu kwetoni enye kwiitoni ezilishumi ze-ketchup green material eziveliswa kwihlabathi liphela, nto leyo ethumela amaza othusayo kushishino.
Ngubani Onciphisa Imveliso? Ngubani Obambezelekayo?
I-United States: Ukunciphisa Ngokuzithandela kwi "World's Tomato Bowl"
Njengeyona mveliso inkulu yeetamatisi ezicutshungulwayo ehlabathini, i-US ibone iCalifornia Central Valley yayo—ebizwa ngokuba yi-“World's Tomato Bowl”—incipha kakhulu ngo-2025. Indawo yokutyala ekwisivumelwano yehla yaya kwi-205,000 yeehektare, elona nqanaba liphantsi ukusukela ngo-1972, ngelixa imveliso iyonke yehla yaya kwi-10.3 yezigidi zeetoni zemetric, elona liphantsi ukusukela ngo-2006. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, oku akubangelwanga yimveliso embi—imveliso ngehektare inyuke nge-10% ukuya kwi-55 yeetoni ngehektare—kodwa kuncitshiswe ngabom indawo yokutyala. Amanqanaba aphezulu ezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye namaxabiso aphantsi akhokelela ekubeni abaprosesa banciphise iikhontrakthi zabalimi, nto leyo ephelisa umdla wabalimi wokwandisa.
I-European Union: Ibali leeNgxaki ezimbini eziGqibeleleyo
I-EU, umvelisi wesibini ngobukhulu kwihlabathi, ifumene ukusebenza okuxubeneyo. I-Itali yoyise olu hlobo lotyalo-mali ngokunyuka kwe-6%, isebenzisa ipotifoliyo yayo yemveliso ephezulu-kuquka i-tomato puree kunye neetumato ezipheleleyo ezixotyulweyo-ezibiza amaxabiso aphezulu kwiivenkile ezinkulu zaseNtshona. Nangona kunjalo, iSpain ifumene ukwehla okukhulu kwemveliso ngama-22%. Iimvula zasentwasahlobo zasekuqaleni zalibazisa ukutyala, zalandelwa lilanga lobushushu lasehlotyeni elatshabalalisa iziqhamo, lashiya abalimi bengenakuncedakala njengoko isivuno kunye nomgangatho wemveliso wehla.
I-China: Ukulungiswa, Hayi Ukuwa
Imeko yaseTshayina ifuna utoliko oluchanekileyo. Idatha yeWPTC ibonisa ukuba imveliso yayo yeetamatisi ezicutshungulweyo ngo-2025 inciphile ukusuka kwi-10.45 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2024 ukuya kwi-4.9 yezigidi zeetoni zemetric, ukwehla ngama-53% okudlule ukwehla kweSpain. Nangona kunjalo, oku "kuwohloka" yayilulungiso olukhulu kakhulu kwimveliso ephezulu kakhulu ka-2024, eyadlula kakhulu imfuno eqhelekileyo yemarike. Ukuncipha kuka-2025 kubonisa uhlengahlengiso olusebenzayo kushishino lokugaya isitokhwe esigqithisileyo kunye nokubuyisela ibhalansi yemarike, endaweni yokwehla kwexesha elide. I-WPTC iqikelela ukuba imveliso yaseTshayina iya kuphinda inyuke iye kwi-6-7 yezigidi zeetoni zemetric ngo-2026, apho indawo yokutyala eXinjiang iza kunyuka nge-160% ukusuka kwi-2025 ephantsi.
Kutheni iTshayina Ingakhula Ngokumelana Nolwandle?
Ulawulo lweendleko: Uomatshini njengoMda woKhuphiswano
IXinjiang, ummandla ophambili wetamatato ocutshungulwayo eTshayina, uqhayisa ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lwemizi-mveliso ukusuka ekuzaleni ukuya ekuthengisweni, kunye noomatshini abangaphezu kwama-99% ekuhlwayeleni nasekuvuneni. Abasebenzi bokuvuna abakhulu bathatha indawo yabasebenzi abaninzi bezandla imihla ngemihla, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu iindleko zemveliso xa kuthelekiswa neendawo ezinabantu abaninzi abasebenza nzima.
Iqhutywa yiTekhnoloji: Ukuhlanganiswa kweCandelo leShishini eliPheleleyo
Iinkampani zaseTshayina zilawula lonke uthotho lwexabiso—ukusuka kwimbewu nokutyala ukuya ekucutshungulweni nasekuthengisweni. Amashishini afana neGuannong Co., Ltd. abone iprojekthi yawo yemveliso yetumato eyi-200,000 yeetoni ifikelela kumthamo opheleleyo ekupheleni kuka-2024, ihambelana nokunikezelwa okuncinci kwehlabathi kwaye iqhubela phambili ukukhula kwe-30% kwiiodolo zokuthumela ngaphandle. Olu lungelelwaniso lwamandla kunye nemfuno luvela kwiziseko zophuhliso ezomeleleyo zoshishino, kungekhona ithamsanqa.
Ukwahlukahlukana kweMarike: Ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiiMarike eziZodwa
I-China itshintshe ekuxhomekekeni kwiimarike zaseNtshona ukuze ifumane i-70-80% ye-tomato paste yayo ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe iye kwipotifoliyo eyahlukeneyo equka iRashiya, i-Asia eseMbindini, iMpuma Ephakathi, kunye ne-Afrika. Le ndlela "yokufaka amaqanda kwiingobozi ezininzi" ikhusela eli shishini ekutshintsheni kwemarike yengingqi.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuncitshiswa kwemveliso yehlabathi kwiinkampani zaseTshayina?
Ithuba lexesha elifutshane
Njengoko isitokhwe sehlabathi sincipha kwaye amaxabiso enyuka, amashishini aseTshayina anezakhono zokubonelela ezizinzileyo atsala abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Abahlalutyi beshishini baqikelela umjikelo weminyaka emi-3-4 ophezulu weetamatisi ezicutshungulweyo, nto leyo ethembisa inzuzo ephuculweyo kwiinkampani ezinomgangatho othembekileyo kunye namandla aneleyo.
Imingeni yexesha elide: Ukusuka kubungakanani ukuya kuMgangatho
Nangona kunjalo, esi asiso "isidlo sasemini sasimahla." Abathengi bamanye amazwe babeka phambili uzinzo lwekhonkco lokubonelela kunye nokuqikelelwa kwangaphambili phakathi koxinzelelo lorhwebo kunye nokungaqiniseki kwemozulu. Amashishini aseTshayina kufuneka adlule ngaphaya kokhuphiswano lomthamo ukuze agxile kumgangatho, ubuchwepheshe, kunye nokwakhiwa kophawu ukuze aphephe ukubekelwa ecaleni ngabavelisi abangabizi kakhulu okanye ukugqweswa ziimpawu eziphezulu.
Ikamva: Amathuba kunye nemingeni ezayo
Ishishini lokucubungula iitamatisi kwihlabathi liphela liphantsi kohlengahlengiso olukhulu. Nangona ukuveliswa kwakhona kwexesha elifutshane eTshayina kunika iingenelo ezikhawulezileyo, indlela yexesha elide ifuna ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso, ukuphucula ubuchule betekhnoloji, kunye nokuqinisa ukhuphiswano lwebhrendi. Induku yokucubungula iitamatisi kwihlabathi liphela isenokudluliselwa eTshayina, kodwa impumelelo iya kuxhomekeka ekubeni eli shishini linokutshintsha ukusuka ekubeni “ngumzi-mveliso wehlabathi” ukuya ekubeni “yinkokeli yehlabathi ekudaleni ixabiso.”
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-20-2026
